Spotlight on... Lymphoedema Treatment

Understanding Lymphoedema

Lymphoedema is a chronic condition characterised by swelling in certain parts of the body, usually in the arms or legs. It occurs when the lymphatic system is impaired, leading to fluid retention and tissue swelling.

This characteristic swelling can significantly impact your quality of life, not only physically but emotionally. Treatment to manage Lymphoedema can help to alleviate many of the symptoms and in some cases significantly reduce the swelling experienced.

Our lymphatic system plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance and immune function. It consists of a network of lymph vessels and nodes that transport lymph fluid, which contains white blood cells, proteins and waste products from the tissues back to the bloodstream. Lymphoedema occurs when the lymphatic system is disrupted, leading to the accumulation of fluid in the tissues.

Causes of Lymphedema

 Secondary lymphoedema can have various causes. Here are some of the most common ones:

• Cancer Treatments: Surgical removal of lymph nodes and radiation therapy can damage the lymphatic system, leading to secondary lymphedema. This is especially common in breast cancer patients who undergo mastectomy and lymph node dissection.

• Infections: Bacterial or fungal infections can cause lymphatic damage, leading to lymphoedema. Parasitic infections such as filariasis are a leading cause of lymphoedema in tropical regions.

• Trauma: Injuries that damage the lymphatic vessels and healthy lymph nodes, such as severe burns, can result in lymphoedema.

• Surgical Procedures: Surgeries involving lymph node removal or lymphatic vessel damage can result in lymphoedema.

• Chronic Venous Insufficiency: When veins in the legs do not function properly, it can lead to increased pressure in the lymphatic system and lymphedema.

• Obesity: Excessive body weight puts additional pressure on the lymph system, increasing the risk of developing lymphoedema.

For primary lymphoedema, genetic mutations and developmental disorders typically trigger the development of the condition. Primary lymphoedema is very rare, only affecting 1 in 100,000 people.

Symptoms of Lymphoedema

Lymphoedema symptoms vary in severity and often impact daily activities. The earlier you start treatment, the easier it is to manage and reduce swelling.

• Swelling: The primary symptom, swelling typically occurs in the arm or leg but can affect other body parts. It can be mild initially and progress over time in the case of untreated lymphoedema.

• Heaviness or Tightness: Affected limbs may feel heavy, tight, or full, leading to discomfort and difficulty with movement.

• Skin Changes: The skin over the swollen area may become thickened, hardened, or develop a leathery texture. It may also be more susceptible to infections and wounds as lymphoedema progresses.

• Pain or Discomfort: Some people experience pain, aching, or tenderness in the affected area.

• Restricted Range of Motion: Swelling and skin changes can reduce flexibility and range of motion in the affected limb.

• Recurring Infections: The affected area may be prone to infections like cellulitis, which can further damage the lymphatic system and worsen lymphoedema.

  
  

If you notice any of the lymphoedema symptoms after cancer surgery, radiation therapy, infection, or surgical treatment, get in touch with your medical team.

Treatment Options

1. Compression Therapy

One of the most common treatments for lymphoedema is compression therapy. This involves wearing compression garments or bandages to help reduce swelling and improve lymphatic flow. These garments assist in maintaining the progress made during other treatments and are essential for long-term management.

2. Manual Lymphatic Drainage (MLD)

MLD is a specialised massage technique designed to stimulate the lymphatic system and promote lymph flow. This gentle, rhythmic massage can help reduce swelling and improve overall lymphatic function. It is often performed by trained therapists who have experience in treating lymphoedema patients.

3. Physical Therapy and Exercises

Physical exercise is an effective way to manage lymphoedema symptoms. Movement helps lymph fluid circulate because your muscles act as a pump to the lymphatic system. When you contract and stretch them, you move lymph fluid out of the swollen areas and support your immune system.

Focus on low-impact physical exercises such as walking, swimming, biking, and yoga.

If you have access to a physical therapist, they can help you create a personalised exercise program. All kinds of movement are helpful, but the best type of exercise to do is one that you like and can stay consistent with!

4. Complete Decongestive Therapy (CDT)

CDT is a comprehensive treatment approach that combines various strategies, including MLD, compression therapy, skin care, and exercise. This multi-faceted approach aims to reduce swelling, improve lymphatic function, and enhance the quality of life for individuals living with lymphoedema.

Lifestyle Modifications

In addition to these treatment options, certain lifestyle modifications can also help in managing lymphedema. Maintaining a healthy weight, practicing good skincare, staying hydrated, and avoiding extreme temperatures can have a positive impact on the condition.

It's also important to be aware of the things that may cause a lymphoedema flare-up. Common triggers include infections, physical trauma or injury, standing or sitting down for long periods, and extreme heat or cold. Everyone is unique, and there may be other factors that cause lymphoedema flare-ups for you, so stay conscious of your triggers!

Living with lymphoedema can be challenging, but with the right treatment and lifestyle adjustments, it is possible to manage the condition effectively.

Give us a call to have a chat about starting a lymphoedema management plan.